When its missing, everything starts to slow down metabolism, focus, mood, even sleep
[49] [50] [51] For post-operative oral supplementation, 1000 g/d may be needed to prevent vitamin deficiency
This contrasts markedly with full-length growth hormone, which can impair glucose tolerance and potentially precipitate or worsen diabetes
Individuals at risk of vitamin B12 deficiency include older adults, people with gastrointestinal disorders, those who have had gastrointestinal surgeries, individuals on a strict vegan diet, individuals who take metformin for blood sugar control, and people taking proton pump inhibitors for chronic heartburn
Without choline, fats can become trapped in the liver where they block normal metabolic functions