IGF-1 is broadly implicated in cell proliferation, extracellular matrix organization, angiogenic signaling, and tissue regeneration, which is why GH-axis stimulation is frequently studied in relation to repair processes
Clinical data Available data included clinical check-up, semen parameters (including abstinence time, semen volume, pH, liquefaction time, sperm concentration, total sperm number, progressive sperm motility, sperm motility, and sperm morphology), sex hormone detection indicators (including serum testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol and prolactin), duration of infertility, routine urine test (urine leukocytes and urine red blood cells), history of ligation of internal spermatic vein, testicular volume, prostatic enlargement, history of chronic prostatitis, history of seminal vesiculitis, history of hematospermia, patient age and spouse (female) age, genetic and family histories, karyotype testing, pregnancy (including live birth, miscarriage), time to conception, and treatment costs (including examination fees, diagnostic fees, the cost of buying drugs and the cost of buying the devices of Prodom)
Every protocol begins with a lower dose and increases gradually over weeks to months
Those averaging under 50 ounces had multiple hospitalizations for dehydration and kidney issues
(2024) 14:e70070
